Quellen

Medizinische Richtlinien

  1. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Typ-2-Diabetes – Teilpublikation der Langfassung, 2. Auflage. Version 1. 2021 [cited: 2022-06-01]. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000475. www.leitlinien.de/diabetes

  2. Davies, M.J., Aroda, V.R., Collins, B.S. et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2

  3. Landgraf R, Aberle J, Birkenfeld AL, et al. Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologie 2021; 16 (Suppl 2): S168–S206. DOI:10.1055/a-1394-2313

  4. Landgraf, R., Aberle, J., Birkenfeld, A.L. et al. Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes. Diabetologie 18, 623–656 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-022-00921-5

  5. S2k-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle des Diabetes mellitus im Alter. 2. Auflage 2018 – AWMF-Register-Nr. 057-017. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2018; 13: 423–489 https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0666-0820.

Studien

  1. Basturk B, Koc Ozerson Z, Yuksel A. Evaluation of the Effect of Macronutrients Combination on Blood Sugar Levels in Healthy Individuals. Iran J Public Health. 2021;50(2):280-287. doi:10.18502/ijph.v50i2.5340

  2. Berry SE, Valdes AM, Drew DA, et al. Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2020 Nov;26(11):1802]. Nat Med. 2020;26(6):964-973. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0

  3. Bonora E, Calcaterra F, Lombardi S, et al. Plasma glucose levels throughout the day and HbA(1c) interrelationships in type 2 diabetes: implications for treatment and monitoring of metabolic control. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(12):2023-2029. doi:10.2337/diacare.24.12.2023

  4. Borror A, Zieff G, Battaglini C, Stoner L. The Effects of Postprandial Exercise on Glucose Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2018;48(6):1479-1491. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0864-x

  5. Chung N, Bin YS, Cistulli PA, Chow CM. Does the Proximity of Meals to Bedtime Influence the Sleep of Young Adults? A Cross-Sectional Survey of University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2677. Published 2020 Apr 14. doi:10.3390/ijerph17082677

  6. Clark CA, Gardiner J, McBurney MI, et al. Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(9):1122-1129. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602427

  7. Cradock, K.A., ÓLaighin, G., Finucane, F.M. et al. Behaviour change techniques targeting both diet and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 14, 18 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0436-0

  8. Donga E, van Dijk M, van Dijk JG, et al. A single night of partial sleep deprivation induces insulin resistance in multiple metabolic pathways in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2963-2968. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2430

  9. Dwibedi, C., Mellergård, E., Gyllensten, A.C. et al. Effect of self-managed lifestyle treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. npj Digit. Med. 5, 60 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00606-9

  10. Fulgoni VL 3rd, Bailey R. Association of Pasta Consumption with Diet Quality and Nutrients of Public Health Concern in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012. Curr Dev Nutr. 2017;1(10):e001271. Published 2017 Sep 19. doi:10.3945/cdn.117.001271

  11. Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Saeed A, Jordan K, Hoover H. An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(4):734-741. doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.4.734

  12. Gentilcore D, Chaikomin R, Jones KL, et al. Effects of fat on gastric emptying of and the glycemic, insulin, and incretin responses to a carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(6):2062-2067. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2644

  13. Griauzde D, Ling G, Wray D, DeJonckheere M, Mizokami Stout K, Saslow L, Fenske J, Serlin D, Stonebraker S, Nisha T, Barry C, Pop-Busui R, Sen A, Richardson C Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Nutritional Coaching to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control: Randomized Quality Improvement Program J Med Internet Res 2022;24(2):e31184 URL: https://www.jmir.org/2022/2/e31184 DOI: 10.2196/31184

  14. Grunberger G, Sherr J, Allende M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: The Use of Advanced Technology in the Management of Persons With Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(6):505-537. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.04.008

  15. Hackett R.A., Moore C., Steptoe A., Lassale C. Health behaviour changes after type 2 diabetes diagnosis: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sci. Rep. 2018;8:1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35238-1.

  16. Hlebowicz J, Darwiche G, Björgell O, Almér LO. Effect of apple cider vinegar on delayed gastric emptying in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2007;7:46. Published 2007 Dec 20. doi:10.1186/1471-230X-7-46

  17. Kröger J., Siegmund T., Schubert-Olesen O., Keuthage W., Lettmann M., Richert K., Pfeiffer A.F. AGP and Nutrition—Analysing postprandial glucose courses with CGM. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2021;174:108738. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108738

  18. McKenzie AL, Hallberg SJ, Creighton BC, et al. A Novel Intervention Including Individualized Nutritional Recommendations Reduces Hemoglobin A1c Level, Medication Use, and Weight in Type 2 Diabetes. JMIR Diabetes. 2017;2(1):e5. Published 2017 Mar 7. doi:10.2196/diabetes.6981

  19. Meng H, Matthan NR, Ausman LM, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of macronutrients and fiber on postprandial glycemic responses and meal glycemic index and glycemic load value determinations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):842-853. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.144162

  20. Mesci B, Oguz A, Sagun HG, Uzunlulu M, Keskin EB, Coksert D. Dietary breads: myth or reality?. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;81(1):68-71. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.02.010

  21. Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6:42. Published 2011 Apr 23. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-42

  22. Monnier L, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial glucose to hemoglobin A1c. Endocr Pract. 2006;12 Suppl 1:42-46. doi:10.4158/EP.12.S1.42

  23. Musa-Veloso K, Poon T, Harkness LS, O'Shea M, Chu Y. The effects of whole-grain compared with refined wheat, rice, and rye on the postprandial blood glucose response: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(4):759-774. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy112

  24. Nesti L, Mengozzi A and Tricò D (2019) Impact of Nutrient Type and Sequence on Glucose Tolerance: Physiological Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front. Endocrinol. 10:144. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00144

  25. Noh YH, Lee DB, Lee YW, Pyo YH. In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Organic Acids Identified in Commercial Vinegars on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2020;25(3):319-324. doi:10.3746/pnf.2020.25.3.319

  26. Philippou E, Constantinou M. The influence of glycemic index on cognitive functioning: a systematic review of the evidence. Adv Nutr. 2014;5(2):119-130. Published 2014 Mar 1. doi:10.3945/an.113.004960

  27. Pot GK, Battjes-Fries MC, Patijn ON, et alNutrition and lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes: pilot study in the Netherlands showing improved glucose control and reduction in glucose lowering medicationBMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2019;2:doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2018-000012

  28. Pot GK, Battjes-Fries MC, Patijn ON, van der Zijl N, Pijl H, Voshol P. Lifestyle medicine for type 2 diabetes: practice-based evidence for long-term efficacy of a multicomponent lifestyle intervention (Reverse Diabetes2 Now). BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2020;3(2):188-195. Published 2020 Aug 18. doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000081

  29. Rein M, Ben-Yacov O, Godneva A, et al. Effects of personalized diets by prediction of glycemic responses on glycemic control and metabolic health in newly diagnosed T2DM: a randomized dietary intervention pilot trial. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):56. Published 2022 Feb 9. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02254-y

  30. Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Sleep influences on obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2018;84:56-66. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.010

  31. Reynolds AN, Mann JI, Williams S, Venn BJ. Advice to walk after meals is more effective for lowering postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus than advice that does not specify timing: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia. 2016;59(12):2572-2578. doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4085-2

  32. Ritchie ND, Sauder KA, Kaufmann PG, Perreault L. Patient-Centered Goal-Setting in the National Diabetes Prevention Program: A Pilot Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(11):2464-2469. doi:10.2337/dc21-0677

  33. Rizzello CG, Portincasa P, Montemurro M, et al. Sourdough Fermented Breads are More Digestible than Those Started with Baker's Yeast Alone: An In Vivo Challenge Dissecting Distinct Gastrointestinal Responses. Nutrients. 2019;11(12):2954. Published 2019 Dec 4. doi:10.3390/nu11122954

  34. Roeb E and Weiskirchen R (2021) Fructose and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front. Pharmacol. 12:634344. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634344

  35. Röhling M, Martin T, Wonnemann M, et al. Determination of Postprandial Glycemic Responses by Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Real-World Setting. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2305. Published 2019 Sep 27. doi:10.3390/nu11102305

  36. Ruijgrok C., Blaak E.E., Egli L., Dussort P., Vinoy S. Reducing postprandial glucose in dietary intervention studies and the magnitude of the effect on diabetes-related risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Nutr. 2021;60:259. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1

  37. Russell WR, Baka A, Björck I, et al. Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(4):541-590. doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.792772

  38. Sakai R, Hashimoto Y, Ushigome E, et al. Late-night-dinner is associated with poor glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes: The KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study. Endocr J. 2018;65(4):395-402. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0414

  39. Sheri R. Colberg, Ronald J. Sigal, Jane E. Yardley, Michael C. Riddell, David W. Dunstan, Paddy C. Dempsey, Edward S. Horton, Kristin Castorino, Deborah F. Tate; Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 1 November 2016; 39 (11): 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728

  40. Shishehbor F, Mansoori A, Shirani F. Vinegar consumption can attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses; a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;127:1-9. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.021

  41. Shukla AP, Dickison M, Coughlin N, et al. The impact of food order on postprandial glycaemic excursions in prediabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(2):377-381. doi:10.1111/dom.13503

  42. Targher, G., Corey, K.E., Byrne, C.D. et al. The complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus — mechanisms and treatments. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 18, 599–612 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00448-y

  43. Timpel P, Oswald S, Schwarz PEH, Harst L. Mapping the Evidence on the Effectiveness of Telemedicine Interventions in Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(3):e16791. Published 2020 Mar 18. doi:10.2196/16791

  44. Ungersboeck M, Tang X, Neeff V, Steele D, Grimm P, Fenech M. Personalised Nutritional Recommendations Based on Individual Post-Prandial Glycaemic Responses Improve Glycaemic Metrics and PROMs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Assessment. Nutrients. 2022;14(10):2123. Published 2022 May 19. doi:10.3390/nu14102123

  45. Upsher R, Onabajo D, Stahl D, Ismail K and Winkley K (2021) The Effectiveness of Behavior Change Techniques Underpinning Psychological Interventions to Improve Glycemic Levels for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Front. Clin. Diabetes Healthc. 2:699038. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.699038

  46. van Vugt M, de Wit M, Cleijne WH, Snoek FJ. Use of behavioral change techniques in web-based self-management programs for type 2 diabetes patients: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(12):e279. Published 2013 Dec 13. doi:10.2196/jmir.2800

  47. Wilcox G. Insulin and insulin resistance. Clin Biochem Rev. 2005;26(2):19-39.

  48. Woerle HJ, Neumann C, Zschau S, et al. Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;77(2):280-285. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2006.11.011

  49. Wyatt, P., Berry, S.E., Finlayson, G. et al. Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals. Nat Metab 3, 523–529 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00383-x

  50. Zeevi D, Korem T, Zmora N, et al. Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses. Cell. 2015;163(5):1079-1094. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001

Eigene Studien

Wir haben die EDDY-III-Studie in Zusammenarbeit mit Prof. habil. Dr. med. Peter Schwarz an der Medizinischen Fakultät der TU Dresden durchgeführt. Es handelte sich um eine prospektive, multizentrische, offene, kontrollierte Beobachtungsstudie mit einer intraindividuellen Kontrollkohorte. Eingeschlossen wurden erwachsene Patient:innen mit Diabetes Typ 2 und einem HbA1c-Wert zwischen 6,5% und 11,0%. Die Teilnehmer:innen erhielten ein 3-monatiges Intensivprogramm zur Änderung des Lebensstils, das über das Una Health für Diabetes durchgeführt wurde. Ziel war es, die Wirkung von Una Health für Diabetes auf die Senkung des HbA1c-Wertes bei Diabetes Typ 2 zu bewerten. Darüber hinaus wurden Veränderungen bei anderen Stoffwechselparametern (Körpergewicht, Taillenumfang) bewertet. Die Teilnehmer:innen erreichten eine signifikante Senkung des HbA1c-Wertes, reduzierten ihr Körpergewicht und ihren Taillenumfang. Die Studie zeigt also, dass die Una Health Studie für Diabetes bei Patient:innen mit Diabetes Typ 2 wirksam zur Senkung des HbA-Wertes ist. Weitere Studien sind geplant, um diese Ergebnisse zu bestätigen, darunter eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie, in der Una Health für Diabetes mit der Standardbehandlung für Diabetes Typ 2 in Deutschland verglichen wird. Sobald die für die digitalen Gesundheitsanwendung durchgeführte Studie veröffentlicht ist, wird diese hier verlinkt.